In the last decade, several epidemiological studies have found an association between obesity and an increased incidence of periodontal disease.The characteristics of an individuals immune response to infectious agents greatly determine the severity of periodontal disease.Dysregulation of innate immunity plays a key role in the progression of periodontal disease.
Epidemiological evidence has suggested that longterm effects of periodontal disease may be linked to more serious systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and complications of pregnancy. P. gingivalis bacteremia alone, a common complication in patients with periodontal disease, is not sufficient to exacerbate atherosclerosis, and that bacteremia coupled with intracellular invasion of endothelial cells by P. gingivalis is required. 
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